Cécile Brokelind

In Lexel (Case C-484/19), the Swedish interest deduction limitation rules were found to be in breach of article 49 of the TFEU on the freedom of establishment, as they presumed abusive practices even in respect of arm’s length-based transactions. The present article puts the case into context and highlights follow-up issues raised before lower Swedish tax courts in the context of loan transactions involving associated companies in third countries. Indeed, recent ECJ case law indicates that transactions between associated companies in the European Union and in third countries are protected under article 63 of the TFEU on the free of movement of capital.